Silica gel desiccant yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw los tswj cov av noo, thiab nws cov keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob yog ob qho tib si txaus nyiam thiab tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog nws txoj kev siv tam sim no thiab lub peev xwm yav tom ntej. Silica gel yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws porous silica nrog muaj zog nqus dej muaj peev xwm. Cov khoom yog thawj zaug pom los ntawm Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo, uas txheeb xyuas nws raws li ib tug tshwm sim mineral hu ua silicic acid. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog txog thaum xyoo pua 19th uas German chemist Walter A. Patrick tau tsim cov silica gel, tso lub hauv paus rau nws qhov kawg siv los ua ib qho desiccant.
Silica gel desiccant tau pib siv rau hauv cov roj cua kom qhuav thiab cua txias, qhov uas nws muaj peev xwm nqus dej noo sai sai tau lees paub tias yog ib qho khoom muaj nqis hauv kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam. Thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, silica gel tau siv dav los ntawm cov tub rog ua cov khoom desiccant los tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej rhiab thiab riam phom los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm ya raws. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub luag haujlwm no tau ua rau muaj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho tshiab thiab txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm silica gel.
Nyob rau xyoo 1950, Union Carbide Corporation tau tsim ib hom tshiab ntawm silica gel uas tuaj yeem nqus tau li 40 feem pua ntawm nws tus kheej qhov hnyav hauv dej vapor, cim qhov kev nce qib tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov silica gel desiccants thiab ua rau lawv zoo dua los tswj cov av noo. Txij thaum ntawd los, silica gel desiccants tau txuas ntxiv txhim kho thiab txhim kho, nrhiav kev siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshuaj, thiab kev txuag zaub mov, ntawm lwm qhov chaw.
Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev siv dav dav ntawm silica gel desiccants yog lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig. Tsis zoo li lwm yam desiccants xws li calcium chloride los yog magnesium sulfate, silica gel tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tuaj yeem muab pov tseg kom nyab xeeb hauv qhov chaw pov tseg. Qhov no ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv nrov hauv kev siv zaub mov thiab tshuaj, qhov twg kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb hauv silica gel desiccants yog kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv thiab tsim cov qauv tshiab thiab kev siv. Kev nce qib tsis ntev los no tau ua rau muaj kev txhim kho cov khoom siv silica gel uas tuaj yeem xaiv cov pa roj lossis tshuaj lom neeg, ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv huab cua purification thiab catalysis, thiab lwm yam.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob ntawm silica gel desiccants yog ib qho pov thawj rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv science. Los ntawm kev tshawb pom thaum ntxov thaum xyoo pua 19th mus rau lawv cov kev siv tam sim no hauv ntau daim ntawv thov, silica gel desiccants tau ua pov thawj tias yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov av noo thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom rhiab thiab cov khoom los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Saib ua ntej, nws yog qhov tseeb tias silica gel desiccants yuav txuas ntxiv mus ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw. Kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv thiab kev txhim kho tuaj yeem ua rau cov qauv tshiab thiab txhim kho thiab siv tau, ntxiv kev nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv ntau yam no. Txawm hais tias hauv kev tsim kho tshiab kho mob, khaws cia cov khoom qub qub, lossis tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo, silica gel desiccants yuav yog lub cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov av noo thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom muaj nqis.
